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2s.io Judge Lookup
x402
2s.io Judge Lookup is a paid API for AI agents from 2s.io, paid per call via x402, $0.0036/call, status unknown (last checked 2026-09-14).
Search US federal and state appellate judges by first name and/or last name prefix using CourtListener's People database
Price / call$0.0036
Success—
StatusUnknown
How this service works
Find US federal + state appellate judges by name in CourtListener's People DB. Query by firstName (case-insensitive prefix), lastName (case-insensitive prefix), or both — at least one required. Returns id, full name + components, dates of birth/death, gender, education (school, degree level, year), political affiliations (party + appointing executive period), count of distinct judicial positions, and canonical CourtListener URL per match. Pairs with law.case-search + law.attorney-lookup to complete the WHO graph of a legal research workflow. Backed by CourtListener (Free Law Project); underlying data is public domain.
Output
Returns a list of matching judge records from CourtListener's People DB, each including: unique judge ID, full name and its components (first, middle, last), dates of birth and death, gender, education history (school, degree level, year), political affiliations (party and appointing executive with period), count of distinct judicial positions held, and a canonical CourtListener profile URL.
Example use cases
Example prompt
“Can you look up the judge named Sotomayor in CourtListener — I want to see her full name, education, political affiliation, and how many judicial positions she's held?”
Technical details
Endpoint
GEThttps://2s.io/api/law/judge-lookupWhen to prefer
Use this endpoint when you need to identify or profile a specific US federal or state appellate judge by name — especially in legal research workflows where you want biographical, educational, and political context about the judiciary. Pairs well with case search and attorney lookup to build a complete 'WHO' graph. Prefer this over general web search when you need structured, machine-readable judge profiles sourced from the authoritative CourtListener/Free Law Project public domain dataset.
Side effects
- Neither firstName nor lastName provided — returns 400 validation error
- Both name fields too short (under 2 chars) — schema validation rejection
- No matching judges found — returns empty results array
- Misspelled name prefix returns zero results
- limit out of range (below 1 or above 50) — returns validation error
- CourtListener upstream unavailable — returns 5xx or timeout
Input
{
"input": {
"type": "http",
"method": "GET",
"queryParams": {
"limit": 10,
"lastName": "Smith"
}
}
}Schema · Request body
| Field | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| inputrequired | object |
Output
{
"data": {
"ok": true,
"meta": {
"query": {
"limit": 10,
"lastName": "Smith",
"firstName": null
}
},
"items": [
{
"id": 16240,
"url": "https://www.courtlistener.com/api/rest/v4/people/16240/",
"name": "Joel Smith",
"gender": "m",
"suffix": null,
"isJudge": true,
"lastName": "Smith",
"education": [],
"firstName": "Joel",
"middleName": null,
"dateOfBirth": null,
"dateOfDeath": null,
"dateModified": "2024-07-11T14:30:22.205255-07:00",
"positionCount": 1,
"politicalAffiliations": []
},
{
"id": 16221,
"url": "https://www.courtlistener.com/api/rest/v4/people/16221/",
"name": "Lori K Smith",
"gender": "f",
"suffix": null,
"isJudge": true,
"lastName": "Smith",
"education": [
{
"school": "University of Washington-Seattle Campus",
"degreeYear": null,
"degreeLevel": "jd"
}
],
"firstName": "Lori",
"middleName": "K",
"dateOfBirth": null,
"dateOfDeath": null,
"dateModified": "2023-10-30T12:02:10.923858-07:00",
"positionCount": 1,
"politicalAffiliations": []
},
{
"id": 16078,
"url": "https://www.courtlistener.com/api/rest/v4/people/16078/",
"name": "Bill Smith",
"gender": "",
"suffix": null,
"isJudge": false,
"lastName": "Smith",
"education": [],
"firstName": "Bill",
"middleName": null,
"dateOfBirth": null,
"dateOfDeath": null,
"dateModified": "2022-08-02T14:12:19.243624-07:00",
"positionCount": 0,
"politicalAffiliations": []
},
{
"id": 16077,
"url": "https://www.courtlistener.com/api/rest/v4/people/16077/",
"name": "William P. Smith",
"gender": "m",
"suffix": null,
"isJudge": true,
"lastName": "Smith",
"education": [
{
"school": "Texas A & M University-College Station",
"degreeYear": 1982,
"degreeLevel": "ba"
},
{
"school": "Texas Tech University",
"degreeYear": 1994,
"degreeLevel": "jd"
}
],
"firstName": "William",
"middleName": "P.",
"dateOfBirth": null,
"dateOfDeath": null,
"dateModified": "2022-08-02T14:34:18.366651-07:00",
"positionCount": 6,
"politicalAffiliations": [
{
"party": "r",
"source": "o",
"endDate": null,
"startDate": null
}
]
},
{
"id": 16076,
"url": "https://www.courtlistener.com/api/rest/v4/people/16076/",
"name": "Steve Smith",
"gender": "",
"suffix": null,
"isJudge": false,
"lastName": "Smith",
"education": [],
"firstName": "Steve",
"middleName": null,
"dateOfBirth": null,
"dateOfDeath": null,
"dateModified": "2022-08-02T13:58:33.766577-07:00",
"positionCount": 0,
"politicalAffiliations": []
},
{
"id": 16075,
"url": "https://www.courtlistener.com/api/rest/v4/people/16075/",
"name": "Steven Lee Smith",
"gender": "m",
"suffix": null,
"isJudge": true,
"lastName": "Smith",
"education": [
{
"school": "Abilene Christian University",
"degreeYear": 1974,
"degreeLevel": "ba"
},
{
"school": "The University of Texas at Austin",
"degreeYear": 1977,
"degreeLevel": "jd"
}
],
"firstName": "Steven",
"middleName": "Lee",
"dateOfBirth": "1952-04-19",
"dateOfDeath": null,
"dateModified": "2022-08-02T13:58:12.845379-07:00",
"positionCount": 14,
"politicalAffiliations": [
{
"party": "r",
"source": "o",
"endDate": null,
"startDate": null
}
]
},
{
"id": 16074,
"url": "https://www.courtlistener.com/api/rest/v4/people/16074/",
"name": "John W. Smith",
"gender": "m",
"suffix": null,
"isJudge": true,
"lastName": "Smith",
"education": [
{
"school": "Texas Tech University",
"degreeYear": null,
"degreeLevel": ""
}
],
"firstName": "John",
"middleName": "W.",
"dateOfBirth": null,
"dateOfDeath": null,
"dateModified": "2022-08-02T13:01:38.748660-07:00",
"positionCount": 6,
"politicalAffiliations": [
{
"party": "r",
"source": "o",
"endDate": null,
"startDate": null
}
]
},
{
"id": 16073,
"url": "https://www.courtlistener.com/api/rest/v4/people/16073/",
"name": "Ellen S. Smith",
"gender": "f",
"suffix": null,
"isJudge": true,
"lastName": "Smith",
"education": [
{
"school": "Stephen F Austin State University",
"degreeYear": 1979,
"degreeLevel": "ba"
},
{
"school": "University of Houston",
"degreeYear": 1986,
"degreeLevel": "jd"
}
],
"firstName": "Ellen",
"middleName": "S.",
"dateOfBirth": null,
"dateOfDeath": null,
"dateModified": "2022-08-02T12:18:07.570316-07:00",
"positionCount": 1,
"politicalAffiliations": []
},
{
"id": 16072,
"url": "https://www.courtlistener.com/api/rest/v4/people/16072/",
"name": "Edward S. Smith",
"gender": "m",
"suffix": null,
"isJudge": true,
"lastName": "Smith",
"education": [
{
"school": "Texas A & M University-College Station",
"degreeYear": 2001,
"degreeLevel": "ba"
},
{
"school": "Texas Wesleyan University",
"degreeYear": 2005,
"degreeLevel": "jd"
}
],
"firstName": "Edward",
"middleName": "S.",
"dateOfBirth": null,
"dateOfDeath": null,
"dateModified": "2022-08-02T12:06:29.480156-07:00",
"positionCount": 4,
"politicalAffiliations": [
{
"party": "d",
"source": "o",
"endDate": null,
"startDate": null
}
]
},
{
"id": 16071,
"url": "https://www.courtlistener.com/api/rest/v4/people/16071/",
"name": "Craig Smith",
"gender": "",
"suffix": null,
"isJudge": false,
"lastName": "Smith",
"education": [],
"firstName": "Craig",
"middleName": null,
"dateOfBirth": null,
"dateOfDeath": null,
"dateModified": "2022-08-02T11:52:52.670212-07:00",
"positionCount": 0,
"politicalAffiliations": []
},
{
"id": 16070,
"url": "https://www.courtlistener.com/api/rest/v4/people/16070/",
"name": "S. Craig Smith",
"gender": "m",
"suffix": null,
"isJudge": true,
"lastName": "Smith",
"education": [
{
"school": "The University of Texas at Austin",
"degreeYear": 1973,
"degreeLevel": "ba"
},
{
"school": "Texas Tech University",
"degreeYear": 1976,
"degreeLevel": "jd"
}
],
"firstName": "S.",
"middleName": "Craig",
"dateOfBirth": null,
"dateOfDeath": null,
"dateModified": "2022-08-02T11:52:39.925273-07:00",
"positionCount": 6,
"politicalAffiliations": [
{
"party": "d",
"source": "o",
"endDate": null,
"startDate": null
}
]
},
{
"id": 16069,
"url": "https://www.courtlistener.com/api/rest/v4/people/16069/",
"name": "Brock Smith",
"gender": "m",
"suffix": null,
"isJudge": true,
"lastName": "Smith",
"education": [
{
"school": "Texas Tech University",
"degreeYear": 1971,
"degreeLevel": "ba"
},
{
"school": "Texas Tech University",
"degreeYear": 1975,
"degreeLevel": "jd"
}
],
"firstName": "Brock",
"middleName": null,
"dateOfBirth": null,
"dateOfDeath": null,
"dateModified": "2022-08-02T11:04:47.581459-07:00",
"positionCount": 5,
"politicalAffiliations": [
{
"party": "r",
"source": "o",
"endDate": null,
"startDate": null
}
]
},
{
"id": 16068,
"url": "https://www.courtlistener.com/api/rest/v4/people/16068/",
"name": "Ben Smith",
"gender": "",
"suffix": null,
"isJudge": false,
"lastName": "Smith",
"education": [],
"firstName": "Ben",
"middleName": null,
"dateOfBirth": null,
"dateOfDeath": null,
"dateModified": "2022-08-02T10:38:04.249739-07:00",
"positionCount": 0,
"politicalAffiliations": []
},
{
"id": 16067,
"url": "https://www.courtlistener.com/api/rest/v4/people/16067/",
"name": "Benjamin Nelson Smith",
"gender": "m",
"suffix": null,
"isJudge": true,
"lastName": "Smith",
"education": [
{
"school": "Boston University",
"degreeYear": 1996,
"degreeLevel": "ba"
},
{
"school": "Boston University",
"degreeYear": 2002,
"degreeLevel": "jd"
}
],
"firstName": "Benjamin",
"middleName": "Nelson",
"dateOfBirth": null,
"dateOfDeath": null,
"dateModified": "2022-08-02T10:42:32.122440-07:00",
"positionCount": 8,
"politicalAffiliations": [
{
"party": "r",
"source": "o",
"endDate": null,
"startDate": null
}
]
},
{
"id": 15232,
"url": "https://www.courtlistener.com/api/rest/v4/people/15232/",
"name": "James Smith",
"gender": "m",
"suffix": null,
"isJudge": true,
"lastName": "Smith",
"education": [],
"firstName": "James",
"middleName": null,
"dateOfBirth": null,
"dateOfDeath": null,
"dateModified": "2022-04-21T15:26:16.010461-07:00",
"positionCount": 1,
"politicalAffiliations": [
{
"party": "d",
"source": "o",
"endDate": null,
"startDate": null
}
]
},
{
"id": 15093,
"url": "https://www.courtlistener.com/api/rest/v4/people/15093/",
"name": "Mary H. Smith",
"gender": "f",
"suffix": null,
"isJudge": true,
"lastName": "Smith",
"education": [
{
"school": "Simmons College",
"degreeYear": 1967,
"degreeLevel": "ba"
},
{
"school": "Hofstra University",
"degreeYear": 1977,
"degreeLevel": "jd"
}
],
"firstName": "Mary",
"middleName": "H.",
"dateOfBirth": null,
"dateOfDeath": null,
"dateModified": "2022-06-03T16:54:13.796731-07:00",
"positionCount": 2,
"politicalAffiliations": []
},
{
"id": 14523,
"url": "https://www.courtlistener.com/api/rest/v4/people/14523/",
"name": "Christopher Smith",
"gender": "",
"suffix": null,
"isJudge": false,
"lastName": "Smith",
"education": [],
"firstName": "Christopher",
"middleName": null,
"dateOfBirth": null,
"dateOfDeath": null,
"dateModified": "2022-03-12T16:43:59.660349-08:00",
"positionCount": 0,
"politicalAffiliations": []
},
{
"id": 14522,
"url": "https://www.courtlistener.com/api/rest/v4/people/14522/",
"name": "Joseph Christopher Smith",
"gender": "m",
"suffix": null,
"isJudge": true,
"lastName": "Smith",
"education": [
{
"school": "University of California-Los Angeles",
"degreeYear": null,
"degreeLevel": "ba"
},
{
"school": "Mercer University",
"degreeYear": null,
"degreeLevel": "jd"
}
],
"firstName": "Joseph",
"middleName": "Christopher",
"dateOfBirth": null,
"dateOfDeath": null,
"dateModified": "2022-03-23T11:02:04.650165-07:00",
"positionCount": 2,
"politicalAffiliations": [
{
"party": "d",
"source": "o",
"endDate": null,
"startDate": null
},
{
"party": "d",
"source": "a",
"endDate": null,
"startDate": null
}
]
},
{
"id": 14406,
"url": "https://www.courtlistener.com/api/rest/v4/people/14406/",
"name": "Loren A. Smith",
"gender": "",
"suffix": null,
"isJudge": true,
"lastName": "Smith",
"education": [],
"firstName": "Loren",
"middleName": "A.",
"dateOfBirth": null,
"dateOfDeath": null,
"dateModified": "2021-11-17T15:37:17.652657-08:00",
"positionCount": 1,
"politicalAffiliations": []
},
{
"id": 14222,
"url": "https://www.courtlistener.com/api/rest/v4/people/14222/",
"name": "Emma C. Smith",
"gender": "",
"suffix": null,
"isJudge": true,
"lastName": "Smith",
"education": [
{
"school": "Santa Clara University",
"degreeYear": 2006,
"degreeLevel": "jd"
},
{
"school": "American University",
"degreeYear": null,
"degreeLevel": "ba"
}
],
"firstName": "Emma",
"middleName": "C.",
"dateOfBirth": null,
"dateOfDeath": null,
"dateModified": "2022-03-23T11:01:19.427995-07:00",
"positionCount": 1,
"politicalAffiliations": [
{
"party": "d",
"source": "o",
"endDate": null,
"startDate": null
},
{
"party": "d",
"source": "a",
"endDate": null,
"startDate": null
}
]
}
],
"total": null,
"source": {
"url": "https://www.courtlistener.com",
"license": "Public domain (underlying biographical + judicial records) + CC0/BSD (CourtListener metadata)",
"provider": "CourtListener (Free Law Project) — People DB"
}
},
"meta": {
"cost": {
"usd": 0.0036,
"tier": 0
},
"caller": "x402",
"version": null,
"endpoint": "law.judge-lookup",
"settlement": {
"txHash": "0xca09c2e947750acd55d77ab1b2bab9765e6c7b985ee1a2be69b85807f5a37436",
"network": "eip155:8453",
"success": true
}
}
}Tags
x402
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